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What is cyber hygiene?
Cyber hygiene refers to a set of security best practices and behaviors aimed at ensuring digital security and protecting sensitive data. Similar to physical hygiene, it involves regular and systematic measures that minimize the risk of cyberattacks and data loss. These include measures such as regularly updating software, using strong passwords, backing up data and training on current threats.
Why is cyber hygiene important?
Cyber hygiene is essential to reduce the attack surface for cyber criminals and protect data, devices and networks from misuse, theft and destruction. Weak passwords, outdated software and careless handling of emails are common gateways for attacks such as phishing, malware or ransomware. Cyber hygiene helps to reduce these risks and helps to prevent data loss, business interruptions and financial damage.
What measures are part of cyber hygiene?
The basic cyber hygiene measures include
- Regular software updates: Security vulnerabilities are often fixed by patches, so operating systems, programs and apps should always be kept up to date.
- Strong passwords: Use complex, unique passwords for each account and use a password manager.
- Two-factor authentication (2FA): An additional layer of protection for logging in to online services.
- Security software: Installation of antivirus programs and firewalls to protect against malware and other threats.
- Backup copies (backups): Regular backups of important data so that it can be restored in the event of an attack.
- Safe handling of emails: Beware of suspicious attachments and links to avoid phishing and malware.
How can I create strong passwords?
Strong passwords should contain a combination of upper and lower case letters, numbers and special characters and be at least 12 characters long. They should not contain any reference to personal information such as names, dates of birth or dictionary words. It is advisable to use a unique password for each account to prevent one compromised account from compromising all others. A password manager can help create and securely manage complex passwords.
What are the best practices for secure email handling?
The secure handling of e-mails includes several precautionary measures:
- Do not open any e-mails from unknown senders, especially do not click on any attachments or links in such e-mails.
- Recognize phishing e-mails by looking out for suspicious sender addresses, spelling mistakes and urgent requests to disclose personal information.
- Only open attachments or links if the source is trustworthy.
- Use security measures such as 2FA and anti-phishing filters to intercept potential threats.
How do I keep my software and devices secure?
Security begins with regular updates for all operating systems, programs and apps. Software developers use updates to close known security gaps that could otherwise be exploited by hackers. It is also important to only install software from trusted sources and to use it on a secure device that is protected by a firewall and antivirus programs. Encrypting hard disks and mobile devices can also provide additional protection.
What should I do if I am the victim of a cyberattack?
If you fall victim to a cyber attack, the following steps are recommended:
- Change passwords immediately: Especially for compromised accounts to prevent further misuse.
- Isolate compromised devices: Disconnect infected computers or smartphones from the network to prevent the malware from spreading further.
- Use security software: A thorough scan with an antivirus program can help to detect and remove malware.
- Inform security services: In the event of serious attacks, you should contact an IT security expert or a specialized company. In the event of data leaks or identity theft, the organizations and authorities concerned should be informed.
How can I protect my online privacy?
Online privacy protection includes:
- Check privacy settings: Especially in social networks and online accounts to minimize the amount of publicly available information.
- VPN (Virtual Private Network): This encrypts Internet traffic and prevents third parties from monitoring or intercepting the data traffic.
- Restrict cookies and tracking scripts: Regularly deleting cookies or using browser extensions that prevent tracking improves privacy.
- Avoid public WLANs: Sensitive activities such as online banking or shopping should not be carried out via unsecured networks.
How do I recognize phishing attempts or other scams?
Phishing attempts can often be recognized by certain characteristics:
- Unusual sender addresses: Phishing e-mails often use fake or imitation domains.
- Spelling and grammatical errors: Many phishing emails are poorly worded and contain errors.
- Urgency: Fraudsters often rely on psychological pressure by claiming that immediate action is required.
- Request for confidential information: Reputable organizations never request passwords or banking information via email.
- Suspicious links: In the case of dubious e-mails, the mouse pointer should be moved over links to check the actual URL.
What is two-factor authentication (2FA) and why should I use it?
Two-factor authentication is an additional layer of security when logging into online accounts. In addition to the password, a second factor is requested, e.g. a code sent by text message or an authentication app such as Google Authenticator. 2FA makes it more difficult for attackers to gain access to an account, even with stolen passwords, as they also need the second factor.
How do I protect myself against ransomware?
The following measures are advisable to protect yourself against ransomware:
- Regular backups: Important data should be backed up offline or in the cloud so that it can be restored in the event of a ransomware infection.
- Do not open any unknown attachments or links: Ransomware is often spread via phishing emails.
- Use security software: An up-to-date antivirus program can detect and ward off ransomware attacks.
- Secure networks: Firewalls and network security solutions should be implemented to block access to potentially dangerous content.
Secure backup strategies and a preventive security concept are the best protection against ransomware.
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